Wat zijn Trichinen?
Omschrijving
Trichinella spiralis is een draadworm en in Europa de belangrijkste vertegenwoordiger van de trichinen. Hij komt wereldwijd voor, maar speelt in tropische gebieden geen grote rol.
T. spiralis veroorzaakt trichinellose, een aandoening die in Europa inmiddels echter nog maar zelden voorkomt dankzij de trichinenonderzoeken. In principe zijn alle zoogdieren vatbaar, maar natuurlijke infecties komen het meest voor bij carnivoren en omnivoren. Bij de mens is de ziekteverwekker meldingsplichtig.
Learn moreOntwikkelingscyclus
T. spiralis is tweeslachtig. Na de bevruchting geven de vrouwtjes gedurende vijf dagen levende larven af, die via de lymfevaten en vervolgens via de bloedsomloop van de gastheer in verschillende organen terechtkomen. In de skeletspieren kapselen ze zich in en blijven ze tot wel 30 jaar besmettelijk, totdat ze verkalken en afsterven. De besmetting vindt plaats door de inname van vlees dat larven bevat, waarbij de larven in de dunne darm vrijkomen, zich in het darmslijmvlies boren en zich binnen twee dagen tot volwassen exemplaren ontwikkelen. In de dunne darm vindt vervolgens de bevruchting plaats, en vijf dagen na de besmetting brengen de vrouwtjes larven ter wereld, waarmee de cyclus opnieuw begint. De darmfase van trichinen is sterk afhankelijk van de gastheer. Bij de huishond duurt deze ongeveer een week, bij de mens daarentegen drie of vier maanden.
Het trichinenonderzoek is een onderzoek van vlees op trichinen na het slachten. Het trichinenonderzoek maakt deel uit van de officiƫle slacht- en vleeskeuring bij slachtdieren die aan een keuringsplicht zijn onderworpen.
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